Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is one of the least recognized diseases because by the time you experience its symptoms, the disease has already advanced to its severe form. Because of the narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the limbs, PAD can cause more serious complications. Identification of the risk factors for PAD can help manage it and prevent its long-term damage. Let's find out these factors and how to manage PAD at an early stage.
What is PAD?
PAD is a condition of the cardiovascular system where the arteries in the limbs (usually the legs) become narrowed due to the buildup of fatty deposits (atherosclerosis). This blockage reduces the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the muscles and tissues of the affected limbs. Due to this, PAD patients may experience pain or weakness, especially while walking or exercising. The severe form of PAD can lead to tissue death and even amputation.
Pathophysiology of PAD
Peripheral artery disease pathophysiology is based on atherosclerosis, which causes plaque deposition in arteries. These plaques cause the arteries to stiffen and narrow, restricting blood flow. As the disease progresses, these plaques may rupture, forming blood clots that can block the artery completely. This causes the development of PAD and then later results in a heart attack or stroke. There are chances that people won't even have any symptoms till 60% of their arteries become blocked.
Major Risk Factors for PAD
Several factors can lead to PAD. Here are some risk factors explained:
Blockages of Arteries: High fat intake causes plaque accumulation in the arteries, which blocks them. This is due to the high level of cholesterol.
Smoking: It is a major risk factor for PAD. Nicotine and other chemicals in tobacco damage and narrow the blood vessels.
Diabetes: The presence of increased amounts of sugar levels in the blood for an extended period can damage the blood vessels.
High Blood Pressure: When the blood pressure frequently becomes out of control, it strains vessels and damages them.
Age: Most PAD occurs after 50, and the risk is higher for those over 70.
Family History: People who have a history of cardiovascular disorders or PAD are at more risk.
Obesity: High body weight causes hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes, which increases the risk of PAD.
Early Detection Strategy For PAD Management
As the symptoms of PAD only start to appear in advanced ages, it gives the patient no chance to reverse this fatal disease. However, if, in some way, we can detect PAD early by looking into its risk factors and how they affect our bodies, PAD can be managed before it becomes complicated. We can change our lifestyle and use medications to dissolve vessel blockages with early detection of PAD.
TM Flow Test For Detecting Risk Factors of PAD
Arteries blockage is the major factor in PAD, and it causes poor blood circulation, which can be detected. The TM Flow test is a diagnostic tool that does a complete assessment of the vascular and autonomic nervous systems. It is conducted by a TM Flow machine with TBL-ABI technology that detects reduced blood flow and potential blockages in the arteries by measuring the difference in blood flow in the upper and lower extremities.
This test helps identify PAD risk factors and can be part of a broader strategy for early detection. Due to its role in evaluating blood circulation and arterial stiffness, the TM Flow test helps clinicians determine whether the blood supply to the limbs is adequate and whether there are any warning signs of PAD.
Lifestyle Changes to Manage the Risk Factors of PAD
Management of PAD starts with dietary and physical modifications. Follow these lifestyle changes:
Quit Smoking: Stopping smoking is one of the most important things a person can do to reduce the risk of developing PAD. Smoking cessation helps improve blood flow and slows the progression of atherosclerosis.
Exercise Regularly: Physical activity improves the circulation of blood and maintains blood pressure. Gradually increasing physical activities can also reduce leg pain and numbness.
Maintain a Healthy Diet: Reduce your consumption of trans fats and start eating a healthy diet to manage PAD. This will lower cholesterol levels and manage blood sugar.
Control Blood Pressure: A low-salt diet, a healthy diet, and some medication can lower blood pressure, which will reduce stress on arteries and decrease the risk of developing PAD.
Regular Checkups: Regular visits to a healthcare provider for screening and tests like the TM Flow test can help manage the disease early.
Conclusion
PAD is a serious condition with rough consequences, so getting to know its risk factors and managing them at an early stage is the only way to reduce the chances of getting this disease. It is especially essential for individuals with advanced age and those who have a family history of PAD. An early detection test like TM Flow test is a good start to eliminate the risk of PAD.
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